Add unit tests for cppcheckdata.py #20286

Job	Run time
build_make (alpine:3.23)	5m 54s
build_cmake (ubuntu:25.10, true, true)	4m 38s
build_make (ubuntu:25.10)	5m 7s
build_cmake (alpine:3.23, false, false)	4m 31s
build_cmake (ubuntu:24.04, true, true)	5m 34s
build_make (ubuntu:24.04)	4m 41s
	30m 25s

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